全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19604篇 |
免费 | 224篇 |
国内免费 | 138篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 509篇 |
废物处理 | 725篇 |
环保管理 | 2359篇 |
综合类 | 4353篇 |
基础理论 | 4795篇 |
环境理论 | 18篇 |
污染及防治 | 4841篇 |
评价与监测 | 1145篇 |
社会与环境 | 1090篇 |
灾害及防治 | 131篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 141篇 |
2021年 | 141篇 |
2020年 | 130篇 |
2019年 | 172篇 |
2018年 | 272篇 |
2017年 | 314篇 |
2016年 | 417篇 |
2015年 | 367篇 |
2014年 | 471篇 |
2013年 | 1516篇 |
2012年 | 569篇 |
2011年 | 803篇 |
2010年 | 617篇 |
2009年 | 681篇 |
2008年 | 822篇 |
2007年 | 818篇 |
2006年 | 763篇 |
2005年 | 615篇 |
2004年 | 585篇 |
2003年 | 584篇 |
2002年 | 557篇 |
2001年 | 615篇 |
2000年 | 488篇 |
1999年 | 287篇 |
1998年 | 236篇 |
1997年 | 226篇 |
1996年 | 245篇 |
1995年 | 259篇 |
1994年 | 252篇 |
1993年 | 232篇 |
1992年 | 251篇 |
1991年 | 236篇 |
1990年 | 233篇 |
1989年 | 201篇 |
1988年 | 171篇 |
1987年 | 151篇 |
1986年 | 180篇 |
1985年 | 177篇 |
1984年 | 182篇 |
1983年 | 177篇 |
1982年 | 181篇 |
1981年 | 187篇 |
1980年 | 171篇 |
1979年 | 160篇 |
1978年 | 129篇 |
1977年 | 143篇 |
1974年 | 123篇 |
1973年 | 110篇 |
1972年 | 125篇 |
1967年 | 107篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 442 毫秒
991.
C. E. Barthel JR. 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):475-478
This is a report on Meetings of Representatives of National Air Pollution Preventions Associations to Consider the Establishment of an International Union, held in Washington, D. C, June 18–19, 1964 and Houston, Texas, June 21–22, 1964. 相似文献
992.
John E. Cuddeback Bernard E. Saltzman William R. Burg 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):725-729
A sampling and analysis system was developed for measuring concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air. Copper shot was found to be an effective absorbent for collecting samples at ambient levels. The analytical system was based on the desorption of the sample from the copper by heating in a hydrogen carrier stream. The desorbed sample was then determined by a combination of catalytic pyrolysis, which converted it to ammonia, and a Coulson Conductivity Detector. Data are presented showing overall recovery, effects of storage of collected samples, results for 24-hour sampling and interferences. Studies indicated the feasibility of the method for short time sampling as well as for 24-hour sampling periods. The detection limit was shown to be as little as 100 ng NO2 in laboratory studies. This solid absorbent method provides a simple, convenient, and compact means for air sampling. 相似文献
993.
Dale M. Robertson Gregory E. Schwarz David A. Saad Richard B. Alexander 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(2):534-549
Abstract: Excessive loads of nutrients transported by tributary rivers have been linked to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Management efforts to reduce the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico and improve the water quality of rivers and streams could benefit from targeting nutrient reductions toward watersheds with the highest nutrient yields delivered to sensitive downstream waters. One challenge is that most conventional watershed modeling approaches (e.g., mechanistic models) used in these management decisions do not consider uncertainties in the predictions of nutrient yields and their downstream delivery. The increasing use of parameter estimation procedures to statistically estimate model coefficients, however, allows uncertainties in these predictions to be reliably estimated. Here, we use a robust bootstrapping procedure applied to the results of a previous application of the hybrid statistical/mechanistic watershed model SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes) to develop a statistically reliable method for identifying “high priority” areas for management, based on a probabilistic ranking of delivered nutrient yields from watersheds throughout a basin. The method is designed to be used by managers to prioritize watersheds where additional stream monitoring and evaluations of nutrient‐reduction strategies could be undertaken. Our ranking procedure incorporates information on the confidence intervals of model predictions and the corresponding watershed rankings of the delivered nutrient yields. From this quantified uncertainty, we estimate the probability that individual watersheds are among a collection of watersheds that have the highest delivered nutrient yields. We illustrate the application of the procedure to 818 eight‐digit Hydrologic Unit Code watersheds in the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River basin by identifying 150 watersheds having the highest delivered nutrient yields to the Gulf of Mexico. Highest delivered yields were from watersheds in the Central Mississippi, Ohio, and Lower Mississippi River basins. With 90% confidence, only a few watersheds can be reliably placed into the highest 150 category; however, many more watersheds can be removed from consideration as not belonging to the highest 150 category. Results from this ranking procedure provide robust information on watershed nutrient yields that can benefit management efforts to reduce nutrient loadings to downstream coastal waters, such as the Gulf of Mexico, or to local receiving streams and reservoirs. 相似文献
994.
J. Juri Ayub D.E. Di Gregorio H. Velasco H. Huck M. Rizzotto F. Lohaiza 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
The 7Be wet deposition has been intensively investigated in a semiarid region at San Luis Province, Argentina. From November 2006 to May 2008, the 7Be content in rainwater was determined in 58 individual rain events, randomly comprising more than 50% of all individual precipitations at the sampling period. 7Be activity concentration in rainwater ranged from 0.7 ± 0.3 Bq l−1 to 3.2 ± 0.7 Bq l−1, with a mean value of 1.7 Bq l−1 (sd = 0.53 Bq l−1). No relationship was found between 7Be content in rainwater and (a) rainfall amount, (b) precipitation intensity and (c) elapsed time between events. 7Be ground deposition was found to be well correlated with rainfall amount (R = 0.92). For the precipitation events considered, the 7Be depositional fluxes ranged from 1.1 to 120 Bq m−2, with a mean value of 32.7 Bq m−2 (sd = 29.9 Bq m−2). The annual depositional flux was estimated at 1140 ± 120 Bq m−2 y−1. Assuming the same monthly deposition pattern and that the 7Be content in soil decreases only through radioactive decay, the seasonal variation of 7Be areal activity density in soil was estimated. Results of this investigation may contribute to a valuable characterization of 7Be input in the explored semiarid ecosystem and its potential use as tracer of environmental processes. 相似文献
995.
Environmental Exposure of Aquatic and Terrestrial Biota to Triclosan and Triclocarban1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Talia E. A. Chalew Rolf U. Halden 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(1):4-13
Abstract: The synthetic biocides triclosan (5‐chloro‐2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)phenol) and triclocarban (3,4,4′‐trichlorocarbanilide) are routinely added to a wide array of antimicrobial personal care products and consumer articles. Both compounds can persist in the environment and exhibit toxicity toward a number of biological receptors. Recent reports of toxicological effects in wildlife, human cell cultures, and laboratory animals have heightened the interest in the occurrence of these biocide and related toxic effects. The present study aimed to summarize published environmental concentrations of biocides and contrast them with toxicity threshold values of susceptible organisms. Environmental occurrences and toxicity threshold values span more than six orders of magnitude in concentration. The highest biocide levels, measured in the mid parts‐per‐million range, were determined to occur in aquatic sediments and in municipal biosolids destined for land application. Crustacea and algae were identified as the most sensitive species, susceptible to adverse effects from biocide exposures in the parts‐per‐trillion range. An overlap of environmental concentrations and toxicity threshold values was noted for these more sensitive organisms, suggesting potential adverse ecological effects in aquatic environments. Affirmative evidence for this is lacking, however, since studies examining environmental occurrences of biocides vis‐à‐vis the health and diversity of aquatic species have not yet been conducted. 相似文献
996.
It is widely accepted that tobacco smoke is responsible for the vast majority of lung cancers worldwide. There are many known and suspected carcinogens present in cigarette smoke, including α-emitting radioisotopes. Epidemiologic studies have shown that increased lung cancer risk is associated with exposure to ionizing radiation, and it is estimated that the majority of smoking-induced lung cancers may be at least partly attributable to the inhaled and deposited radiation dose from radioisotopes in the cigarette smoke itself. Recent research shows that silencing of the tumor suppressor gene p16INK4a (p16) by promoter methylation plays a role in smoking-related lung cancer. Inactivation of p16 has also been associated with lung cancer incidence in radiation-exposed workers, suggesting that radionuclides in cigarette smoke may be acting with other compounds to cause smoking-induced lung cancer. We evaluated the mechanism of ionizing radiation as an accepted cause of lung cancer in terms of its dose from tobacco smoke and silencing of p16. Because both radiation and cigarette smoking are associated with inactivation of p16, and p16 inactivation has been shown to play a major role in carcinogenesis, ionizing radiation from cigarette smoke likely plays a role in lung cancer risk. How large a role it plays, relative to chemical carcinogens and other modes of action, remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
997.
Thomas H. Hutchinson Amanda Beesley Patricia E. Frickers James W. Readman Jenny P. Shaw Jürg Oliver Straub 《Environment international》2009,35(6):931-936
In case of an avian-influenza-derived human flu pandemic, an inordinately high use of medicines over several weeks is predicted, in particular for the recommended influenza antiviral oseltamivir (Tamiflu). While the risk of oseltamivir to sewage works and freshwater bodies has already been assessed, the fact that a large percentage of the human population worldwide lives relatively close to the sea raises concern for its environmental compatibility in coastal marine waters. The potential risk of high oseltamivir use to the marine compartment is assessed in this publication, based on the 2003 European Community Technical Guidance Document (TGD) for risk assessment. Subchronic embryo–larval ecotoxicity tests with three marine invertebrates (Pomatoceros triqueter, Annelida; Mytilus edulis, Mollusca; Paracentrotus lividus, Echinodermata) and chronic growth inhibition tests with two different groups of marine microalgae (Isochrysis galbana, Haptophyta; Skeletonema costatum, Heterokontophyta) were performed with the active substance oseltamivir carboxylic acid to derive a dependable marine predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC). This was compared to a predicted environmental concentration (PEC) for oseltamivir in coastal waters, based on the worst-case freshwater PEC. The PEC/PNEC risk characterisation ratio for the marine compartment is well below 1, which in the terminology of the TGD signifies no immediate concern. Further, while oseltamivir may be persistent (P), it is not bioaccumulative (B) nor highly ecotoxic (T) and therefore not a PBT substance. In conclusion, even a high pandemic use of oseltamivir would not lead to a significant risk for the marine compartment, in confirmation of the risk assessment for sewage works and freshwaters. 相似文献
998.
Specific ecogenetic features of solods in the forest-steppe zone has been studied, and the role of biotic and abiotic factors of soil formation has been estimated. Differentiation of soil horizons with respect to the physical clay fraction accounts for specific features of their moistening, which is reflected in the ratio of strongly and weakly crystallized forms of iron. Periodic changes in redox conditions results in iron segregation, and a high content of fulvic acids accounts for its eluvial migration. These processes are controlled by soil geochemical barriers. 相似文献
999.
The composition of pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca Pall.) nestling diet was studied in the zone of strong pollution with emissions from the Middle Ural Copper Smelter (Revda,
Sverdlovsk oblast) and in the background area from 2005 to 2007. The results show that diversity of the diet decreases and
prevalence in it of one insect taxon (Lepidoptera) increases near the source of emissions. The proportion of uncharacteristic
food objects (orthopterans, herpetobiont invertebrates) and variation in the size of invertebrates brought by parents to their
nestlings increase, which is explained by degradation of forest habitats in the polluted area. Pied flycatchers provide nestlings
with sufficient quantities of food, but its quality in the polluted zone is lower than in the background area. 相似文献
1000.
Nina E. Cohen Frans W. A. Brom Elsbeth N. Stassen 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2009,22(4):341-359
In this paper, we present and defend the theoretical framework of an empirical model to describe people’s fundamental moral
attitudes (FMAs) to animals, the stratification of FMAs in society and the role of FMAs in judgment on the culling of healthy
animals in an animal disease epidemic. We used philosophical animal ethics theories to understand the moral basis of FMA convictions.
Moreover, these theories provide us with a moral language for communication between animal ethics, FMAs, and public debates.
We defend that FMA is a two-layered concept. The first layer consists of deeply felt convictions about animals. The second
layer consists of convictions derived from the first layer to serve as arguments in a debate on animal issues. In a debate,
the latter convictions are variable, depending on the animal issue in a specific context, time, and place. This variability
facilitates finding common ground in an animal issue between actors with opposing convictions. 相似文献